Academia Swedish academia is marked by interdisciplinary research and collaboration across sectors, contributing to Sweden's status as a global leader in innovation. Universities in Sweden offer high-quality education and research programs, with many master’s programs in English to attract international talent. Free education for Swedish citizens further reflects the country’s commitment to academic excellence. Collaboration between academia and industry drives innovation, with initiatives like joint research projects and technology transfer. The government invests significantly in education and research, with academia informing policymaking. The Nobel Prize, closely tied to academia, celebrates outstanding contributions to academic disciplines, inspiring researchers to pursue innovative work. Overview Why Sweden? Swedish Companies More than 3% of Sweden’s GDP goes towards research and development The Nobel Prize was established by the will of Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel There are around 50 universities and university colleges in Sweden Academia plays a pivotal role in the successful Triple Helix model Overview At Swedish universities, the so-called “Teacher’s Exemption” is applied. This means that, by law, teachers employed at the universities themselves own the rights to their patentable inventions. The term teacher includes researchers and other employees who conduct research. It has also long been standard practice that the teacher exemption also applies to research findings other than inventions, such as copyrighted articles. It is stated as an exemption because private companies typically maintain the intellectual property rights of their employees. Interdisciplinary Research and the Triple Helix Model Swedish academia is characterised by an emphasis on interdisciplinary research and on collaboration across various sectors. Academia plays a pivotal role in the successful Triple Helix model; close cooperation between academia, industry and government, a model that has attracted international attention and contributed to Sweden being one of the most innovative countries in the world. World-Class Universities with Global Reach Sweden is ranked among the world leaders in higher education, with universities known for their high-quality research and education, offering a wide range of programs at bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral levels in various disciplines, many of them taught in English to accommodate international students and researchers. A vast number of Swedish universities partner with institutions around the world, promoting and facilitating student exchanges and joint research projects. Respected Institutions and International Rankings There are around 50 universities and university colleges in Sweden. Most are state-run, and some are private, such as Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg and Stockholm School of Economics. Some of the oldest universities are Lund and Uppsala. Swedish universities are generally well-respected internationally, with several institutions consistently ranking among the top universities worldwide. In 2023, both Lund University and KTH Royal Institute of Technology made it to the top 100 on the QS World University Rankings. In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings Karolinska Institute ranked 50. Stockholm University and Uppsala University generally rank high internationally as well. Photo: Simon Paulin/imagebank.sweden.se Photo: Ann-Sofi Rosenkvist/imagebank.sweden.se Academic-Industry Partnerships Driving Innovation Swedish academia often collaborates with the business sector to apply theories into practice, thereby ensuring that academic research is aligned with needs from the industry, spanning from established multinational corporations to small start-ups, and societal challenges. This partnership is seen e.g. through joint research projects, technology transfer initiatives, industry-funded academic positions and the commercialisation of intellectual property thus supporting entrepreneurship. The academia - industry cooperation strongly contributes to Sweden's reputation as being in the forefront when it comes to innovation, technological advancement and economic development. Government Investment and Academic Influence The Swedish government invests steadily in education, and more than 3% of Sweden’s GDP goes towards research and development. Academic institutions in turn, provide expertise and research that inform government proposals, decisions and policies. The Nobel Prize: Highlighting Academic Contributions The Nobel Prize, with a significant connection to academia, is considered one of the most prestigious awards in the world. It was established by the will of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, and was first awarded in 1901 in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. Since 1968, the Nobel Prize in economic science has also been awarded yearly. The Nobel Prizes recognise outstanding contributions to academic disciplines celebrating achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. These are often given by individuals or groups whose achievements often stem from academic research. The Nobel Prize further serves as an incentive for researchers, active today as well as for future generations, to pursue innovative work and overall the Nobel prize highlights the crucialness of academia in driving research and development forward. Top Swedish Universities . Chalmers University of Technology . KTH Royal Institute . Karolinska Institutet . Lund University . Stockholm School of Economics . Umeå University . Uppsala University . University of Gothenburg Learn More: Curious to see how Sweden’s expertise takes shape in practice? Here you’ll find links to key Swedish organisations, government agencies and academic institutions. They offer insights, connections and ways to engage across sectors. If you want to explore further or get in touch with the right actors - this is where to start. Ministry of Education and Research Stockholm University Study in Sweden Sweden.se - Higher Education The Nobel Foundation QS University Rankings

Innovation Sweden , though small in size, has risen to global prominence as a powerhouse of innovation and creativity. Renowned for its trailblazing spirit, the nation has cultivated a culture where education, cutting-edge technology, and bold ideas flourish. Backed by progressive government policies, a world-class infrastructure, and a global outlook, Sweden consistently ranks among the world’s most dynamic and forward-thinking countries, solidifying its reputation as a leader in shaping the future of innovation. Overview Why Sweden? Swedish Companies Sweden invests over 3% of its GDP in research and development, emphasising green technology and life sciences Sweden is ranked as the second most innovative country in the world according to the Global Innovation Index 2023 Government agency Vinnova plays a central part in Swedish research. The innovation agency promotes and funds research projects in a wide range of fields, from health and transport to industrial material and smart cities Stockholm ranks second globally for the number of tech startups per capita Overview Innovation in Sweden extends beyond its renowned startup scene, which has garnered significant international attention. The country has a long history of innovation driven by several factors. Sweden's global outlook and reliance on exports are key, given the relatively small domestic market. Additionally, social stability, government support and a high degree of equality contribute to its innovative environment. Sweden is a global leader in innovation due to its historical commitment to education, robust government support, and forward-thinking policies. Since the introduction of compulsory schooling in 1842, Sweden has nurtured an educated workforce, with about one-third of Swedes attaining post-secondary education. This foundation has cultivated a culture deeply rooted in knowledge and creativity. Sweden's legacy of innovation is reflected in world-changing inventions, such as the pacemaker, Tetra Pak packaging, Spotify, which revolutionised music streaming globally, and many more. These innovations demonstrate Sweden’s ability to impact a wide range of industries, from healthcare and packaging to digital technology. Innovations Photo: Per Pixel Petersson/imagebank.sweden.se 5 reasons why Swedes are world-leading innovators Photo: Melker Dahlstrand/imagebank.sweden.se Government Support and Infrastructure Key government agencies such as Vinnova and the Knowledge Foundation are instrumental in Sweden's innovation landscape. Vinnova, Sweden's innovation agency, supports digitalisation efforts, funds R&D projects, and facilitates collaboration between companies, academia, and public organisations. In 2023 alone, Vinnova funded over 3,000 projects with a budget of approximately SEK 3 billion (USD 350 million). The Knowledge Foundation invests in research and education to enhance the country's competitiveness in technology and knowledge-intensive fields. By investing over 3% of its GDP in research and development, Sweden demonstrates its dedication to advancing technology and knowledge, particularly in green technology and life sciences. This investment is one of the highest percentages in the world and underscores the nation's commitment to innovation. Global Outlook and Collaboration Sweden's global outlook, emphasised by its focus on exports and international collaborations, further strengthens its position as an innovation leader. The nation's participation in international research projects and partnerships with global tech giants fosters a collaborative environment that drives innovation. Sweden exports high-tech products and services worldwide, with its tech sector contributing significantly to international trade. Swedish Incubators and Accelerators Sweden’s robust startup ecosystem is supported by numerous incubators and accelerators, providing vital resources and mentorship to emerging businesses. Notable examples include Norrsken Foundation, which focuses on supporting startups with a social impact, and SUP46 (Start-Up People of Sweden), a hub for fast-growing tech startups. SISP (Swedish Incubators & Science Parks) connects over 60 innovation hubs across the country, contributing to Sweden's dynamic entrepreneurial landscape. In addition, the Stockholm Innovation and Growth (STING) and the Science Park in Gothenburg offer entrepreneurs access to funding, networking opportunities, and business development services, contributing to Sweden's reputation as a leading hub for innovation and entrepreneurship. Digitalisation and Technology Adoption Sweden's robust infrastructure, including extensive broadband networks and a comprehensive transport system, has been crucial in cultivating a society of early technology adopters. Stockholm, often referred to as the "Unicorn Factory," ranks second globally for the number of tech startups per capita. The presence of leading tech companies like Ericsson, Spotify, Klarna, and Skype highlights Sweden's vibrant tech ecosystem. Approximately 30% of Sweden's GDP is derived from its digital economy, showcasing the centrality of technology to the country's economic structure. Education and Research Sweden's education system and research institutions are critical to its innovative prowess. The country's commitment to education ensures a steady stream of skilled professionals and researchers. Notable institutions like the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Chalmers University of Technology and the Karolinska Institute contribute significantly to global research and innovation, particularly in fields such as environmental science, medicine, and engineering. Sweden ranks highly in global education indices, reflecting the quality and accessibility of its education system. Triple Helix Model A key element of Sweden's innovation success is the implementation of the Triple Helix model, which promotes collaboration among academia, industry, and government. This model facilitates the flow of knowledge and resources between these sectors, fostering an environment where innovative ideas can thrive. Universities like Lund University and Uppsala University work closely with companies and government agencies to drive research and development. The collaboration ensures that academic research is translated into practical applications, while industry insights influence academic curricula and government policies. This synergy accelerates technological advancements and economic growth, positioning Sweden as a leader in global innovation. Learn More: Curious to see how Sweden’s expertise takes shape in practice? Here you’ll find links to key Swedish organizations, government agencies, academic institutions and business players. They offer insights, connections and ways to engage across sectors. If you want to explore further or get in touch with the right actors - this is where to start. A Selection of Government B odies Business Sweden Regeringen RISE Sweden.se Swedish Energy Agency Swedish Intellectual Property Office (PRV) Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) Vinnova A Selection of Private Entities Epicenter Stockholm Ideon Science Park Ignite Sweden Nobel Prize Norrsken Foundation Science Park Gothenburg STING (Stockholm Innovation and Growth) Swedish Incubators & Science Parks WASP Timeless Swedish Innovations That Shaped the World Minecraft In May 2009, Markus Persson released a game called Minecraft, a virtual sandbox where players can build anything they can imagine. Pacemaker The first implantable pacemaker was developed by Rune Elmqvist and Åke Senning in 1958. Ultrasound Technology Developed in the 1950s by Inge Edler and Carl Hellmuth Hertz for medical diagnostics. Skype Developed by Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis in 2003. Zip Fastener The modern-day zipper as we know it was improved upon and developed by Swedish-American inventor Gideon Sundbäck from an earlier less effective model in 1913. Ball Bearing The modern multi-row self-aligning ball bearing was invented by the Swedish inventor and industrialist Sven Wingqvist in 1907. Adjustable Wrench (Spanner) Johan Petter Johansson invented the adjustable wrench in 1892. Lighthouse with a rotating lens Häradskär's lighthouse, designed by Nils Gustaf von Heidenstam in 1863, pioneered the rotating Fresnel lens in Sweden, later advanced by Gustaf Dalén's automated AGA lighting system. Safety Match The safety match was invented by Swedish chemist and inventor Gustaf Erik Pasch and patented in Sweden in 1844. Celsius The Celsius unit of measurement is named after Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius. Top 10 Groundbreaking Swedish Innovations of the Last Decade That Have Transformed Industries and Shaped Modern Life Candela’s Electric Hydrofoil Ferries – Candela developed electric ferries that use hydrofoils to lift out of the water, reducing energy consumption and emissions, revolutionising eco-friendly water transport. Detectify’s Ethical Hacking Platform – Launched in 2013, Detectify’s automated cybersecurity tool, powered by ethical hackers, provides companies with advanced vulnerability detection and web security. Einride’s Autonomous Electric Trucks – Founded in 20 16, Einride’s autonomous, electric trucks have revolutionised freight transport with sustainable, driverless logistics solutions. Heart Aerospace’s Electric Airplanes – Founded in 2018, Heart Aerospace is developing electric-powered airplanes that aim to make regional air travel more sustainable. H2 Green Steel - A game-changer in sustainable manufacturing, H2 Green Steel is revolutionising steel production by significantly reducing CO₂ emissions. Klarna’s Pay Later Model – Klarna’s "buy now, pay later" platform has transformed online shopping, offering consumers flexible payment options and gaining massive traction globally. Orbital Systems’ Water Recycling Showers – Founded in 2012, Orbital Systems developed an innovative water recycling shower that reduces water consumption by up to 90%, promoting sustainable water use in households. Spotify’s Podcasting Growth – While founded earlier, Spotify’s recent investments in podcasting have made it the go-to platform for audio streaming and revolutionised the podcasting industry. Volta Greentech’s Artificial Meat Cultivation – Volta Greentech is pioneering sustainable food technology by developing artificial meat and eco-friendly additives to reduce methane emissions in livestock farming.

Construction & Technical Consultancy Sweden has a long history and tradition of consultancy companies within architecture, building and engineering, offering a wide range of services. Many of these companies’ key features include focus on innovation and digital transformation, adherence to quality standards and regulations, sustainability consulting, international collaboration, and a client-centric approach. The companies help clients tackle complex technical challenges, drive innovation, and achieve strategic goals. Overview Why Sweden? Swedish Companies Swedish tech consultancies prioritize innovation, leveraging cutting-edge technologies to drive digital transformation and help clients stay competitive in rapidly evolving markets. Committed to the highest quality standards and strict regulatory compliance, Swedish consultancies offer reliable and trustworthy services across diverse industries, ensuring operational excellence. With a strong emphasis on eco-friendly and sustainable solutions, Swedish tech consultancies integrate green practices into their strategies, helping clients achieve environmentally responsible outcomes. Swedish consultancies offer tailored, client-focused services while fostering international collaborations, enhancing their capacity to deliver comprehensive and effective solutions globally. Overview The Public-Private Partnership (PPP), collaboration between public and private entities to develop, finance, and operate projects, is not a very common model in Sweden compared to other countries. PPPs projects in Sweden have sometimes faced challenges related to complexity, regulation, and political acceptance. Examples of areas where it has been used are major infrastructure projects and some healthcare facilities, such as construction, operation, and maintenance of the Stockholm Bypass (Förbifart Stockholm) project, construction and management of the New Karolinska Solna hospital project, development of renewable energy projects, including wind farms and bioenergy facilities, and some schools and education facilities. Federation of Swedish Innovation Companies: A Hub for Research-Driven Innovation Information about these companies can be found at the Federation of Swedish Innovation Companies – FSIC . The features that unites these companies are a high level of innovative strength, a research-oriented approach, a high service content, a high level of value creation, well-educated employees and a high level of competitiveness. Research, development and innovation are of central importance for the companies’ activities, but in different ways and to a varying extent. Learn more about the Swedish consultant companies and explore partnership opportunities through the below organisation and companies or reach out to the Embassy at ambassaden.doha@gov.se for personalised assistance and support. Photo: Felix Gerlach/imagebank.sweden.see Learn More: Curious to see how Sweden’s expertise takes shape in practice? Here you’ll find links to key Swedish organizations, government agencies, academic institutions and business players. They offer insights, connections and ways to engage across sectors. If you want to explore further or get in touch with the right actors - this is where to start. A Selection of Government B odies KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Department of Urban Planning and Environment) The EPC Alliance by Sweden A Selection of Private Entities AFRY (ÅF Pöyry) Federation of Swedish Innovation Companies NCC Serneke International Skanska Sweco Swedish IT and Telecom Industries (IT&Telekomföretagen) Teknikföretagen (Association of Swedish Engineering Industries) Tyréns White Arkitekter WSP Sweden

Transport Sweden continues to lead in sustainable transportation on both national and global scales. The country’s expansive geography, coupled with a commitment to sustainability, underscores the significance of its transportation sector. With investments equivalent to 0.8% of GDP, Sweden maintains cutting-edge public transport, freight logistics, and air travel infrastructure. Notably, Sweden leads in electric car sales and boasts a highly electrified railway network, embodying eco-friendly transportation ideals. Overview Why Sweden? Swedish Companies Around 0.8% of Sweden’s GDP goes towards investments in transport infrastructure In 2023, Sweden's railway network was estimated to cover approximately 15,600 kilometres of track, making it one of the longest railway networks in Europe Sweden is one of Europe's leaders in electric car sales Three-quarters of Sweden’s railway network is electrified Overview Sweden, the fifth largest country in Europe with an area similar to California, stretches 1574 kilometres from mountainous north to sandy beaches in the south. Its geography and climate necessitate a robust transport sector, integral to its infrastructure and economy. The Swedish "Triple Helix" model, fostering collaboration between government, academia, and businesses, has been crucial in developing a modern and technologically advanced transportation industry. About 0.8% of Sweden’s GDP is invested in transport infrastructure, ensuring the modernity and innovation of public transport, freight logistics, and air travel. Efficient and Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Sweden boasts a government-subsidized public transportation system that is efficient, clean, reliable, affordable and accessible. Its rail network, operated primarily by the Swedish State Railways (SJ), connects major cities and towns, providing environmentally friendly and safe transportation for passengers and freight. The comprehensive road network emphasizes safety, with initiatives like Vision Zero aiming to eliminate traffic-related deaths and injuries. Photo: Melker Dahlstrand/imagebank.sweden.se Photo: Simon Paulin/imagebank.sweden.se A Diverse and Innovative Transport Sector Maritime transport is vital, with key ports like Gothenburg and Stockholm supporting trade and transportation. The strong shipping industry operates both domestically and internationally, and ferry services connect mainland Sweden with its islands and neighbouring countries. Aviation also plays a significant role, with Stockholm Arlanda Airport as the largest international hub. Sweden is a leader in reducing aviation's environmental impact and is at the forefront of air traffic management and airport security. Innovations include Saab’s GlobalEye AEW&C system and advancements in drone technology across various sectors. Driving Green Innovation Through Collaboration and Policy Sweden's commitment to sustainable transport is evident through policies, incentives, and investments aimed at reducing emissions and promoting eco-friendly options. Pioneering companies like Volvo and Scania contribute globally with innovative vehicle technologies. Three-quarters of Sweden's railway network is electrified, showcasing its leadership in green transportation. The country is also advancing in electric ferries, with SMEs such as Candela, and in sustainable aviation with Heart Aerospace's electric aircraft. Academia plays a crucial role in Sweden's transport sector, driving innovation, research, and policy development through close collaboration with government agencies and industry partners. This triple helix model facilitates joint research projects addressing real-world challenges and shaping transport policy. The Swedish government supports these initiatives through funding, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and helping tackle transportation challenges. The future of transport Electric Road Systems Sweden is a global leader in the development of electric road systems (ERS), which enable vehicles to charge while driving via conductive or inductive means embedded in the road. A notable project is the eRoadArlanda, the world's first electrified road that charges electric trucks and buses on the go, significantly reducing emissions. This innovative approach paves the way for sustainable transportation solutions and demonstrates Sweden's commitment to green technology in the transport sector. Read more Electric Aircraft Heart Aerospace is developing the ES-30, an electric regional airliner designed to carry 30 passengers using electric power, significantly reducing the carbon footprint of regional air travel. The ES-30 aims to offer a range of 200 kilometres on battery power alone, which can be extended with a hybrid-electric configuration. This project represents a major step towards sustainable aviation, aligning with global efforts to reduce emissions in the aviation sector. Read more Hyperloop Sweden Hyperloop Sweden is an ambitious project aiming to implement the Hyperloop transportation system, a high-speed, low-pressure tube transport technology, to connect major Swedish cities like Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. This system promises to drastically reduce travel times and provide a sustainable alternative to conventional high-speed rail and air travel. By leveraging advanced technologies, Hyperloop Sweden seeks to revolutionize the country's transportation infrastructure with unprecedented speed and efficiency. Read more Learn More: Curious to see how Sweden’s expertise takes shape in practice? Here you’ll find links to key Swedish organizations, government agencies and business players. They offer insights, connections and ways to engage across sectors. If you want to explore further or get in touch with the right actors - this is where to start. A Selection of Government B odies Business Sweden Luftfartsverket (LFV) Port of Gothenburg SAS (Scandinavian Airlines) SJ Smart City Sweden Swedavia Swedish Maritime Administration (Sjöfartsverket) Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) Swedish Transport Agency (Transportstyrelsen) Vinnova A Selection of Private Entities ACR Alstom Sweden Candela Port of Gothenburg Saab SWERIG (Swedish Rail Industry Group) Sweroad (Swedish National Road Consulting AB) Volvo Wallenius Wilhelmsen Swedish Transport Companies Sweden has a lot of diverse companies within the transport sector. Discover more about them and many other companies here .

Retail Swedish retail is renowned internationally for its innovation, sustainability, and strong brands. Companies like IKEA, Spotify, H&M, and Volvo, operating both domestically and internationally, have established Sweden as a global retail powerhouse. The country’s retail market is highly attractive to international brands due to its innovative approach, skilled labor force, and openness to new technologies and business models. Swedish retailers excel in integrating sustainability into their business models, with many producing dedicated sustainability reports and embracing eco-friendly practices. Sweden is a leader in driving innovation in artificial intelligence, adeptly integrating AI technologies across multiple sectors to enhance operational efficiency, improve user experiences, and stimulate economic growth. Overview Why Sweden? Swedish Companies Sweden is home to many renowned brands such as IKEA, Spotify, H&M and Volvo Swedish retail is renowned for its strong commitment to sustainability, driven by both consumer demand and corporate responsibility The retail sector in Sweden is highly innovative, utilizing advanced logistics, AI, and digital marketing. Self-checkout systems and mobile payment options Sweden has a strong e-commerce market with around 70% of Swedes having made an online purchase in the past year Overview Swedish retail, driven by strong brands, plays a significant role in the global market in setting trends and standards. The Swedish retail market is diverse, covering sectors like food and grocery, clothing, furniture, and electronics. Notable international brands have successfully entered the market, attracted by Sweden's dynamic economy, high consumer spending, and openness to new technologies. Sustainability at the Core of Retail Practices Sustainability is a core aspect of Swedish retail. Many retailers focus on sustainable products and practices, such as IKEA's commitment to using only renewable and recycled materials by 2030, and H&M's Conscious Collection, featuring clothing made from organic and recycled materials. The Swedish government's support for sustainable practices and the high adoption rate of eco-friendly products among consumers also highlight Sweden's leadership in driving conscious consumption and sustainable lifestyle solutions. Retailers are increasingly adopting circular economy practices, focusing on second-hand shops, reducing waste and promoting recycling. Smart Mobility and AI Innovation: The Volvo Example Volvo, a notable brand at the forefront of Sweden's pioneering efforts in AI and innovation, exemplifies the country's commitment to smart, sustainable transportation solutions. By focusing on advanced technologies like autonomous driving and electric vehicles, Volvo is leading the way in integrating AI to revolutionize the automotive industry. Photo: Simon Paulin/imagebank.sweden.se Photo: Margareta Bloom Sandebäck/imagebank.sweden.se A Digitally Advanced Retail Landscape Investments in innovation and digitalization further bolster Sweden's retail industry, creating a favorable environment for growth and expansion. The Swedish retail sector is known for its adoption of innovative technologies. This includes advanced e-commerce platforms, innovative payment solutions like Klarna and Swish, and the use of artificial intelligence and data analytics to enhance the shopping experience and optimize supply chains. E-commerce is a significant component, with about 70% of Swedes shopping online, 50% shopping from their mobile phones. This indicates high digital literacy and a curious, tech-savvy and forward-thinking consumer base. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift towards online shopping, with a majority of Swedes continuing their online shopping habits post-pandemic. An Open and Supportive Market for International Business Sweden offers smooth business procedures, an openness to international ownership, and a supportive environment for innovation. This makes it easier for international companies to enter and succeed in the Swedish market. Institutions such as Business Sweden and the National Board of Trade support the retail sector by promoting trade and investment. These organizations provide strategic advice and practical support to both Swedish companies looking to expand globally and international companies aiming to enter the Swedish market. They help minimize risks, accelerate market entry, and drive growth by leveraging extensive networks and partnerships. Vinnova and Sweden’s Commitment to Sustainable Retail Innovation The Swedish Innovation Agency, Vinnova, plays a significant role in supporting the retail sector by funding projects that drive sustainable growth and innovation. Events like the Sweden Innovation Days foster international collaboration and drive sustainable solutions. These events highlight Sweden's commitment to creating a more sustainable and innovative retail environment. Learn More: Curious to see how Sweden’s expertise takes shape in practice? Here you’ll find links to key Swedish organizations, government agencies and business players. They offer insights, connections and ways to engage across sectors. If you want to explore further or get in touch with the right actors - this is where to start. A Selection of Government Bodies Business Sweden Circular Sweden Invest in Sweden Sweden Abroad Swedish Retail and Wholesale Council Invest Stockholm National Board of Trade Sweden Vinnova A Selection of Private Entities Axel Johnson Group Bonnier Group H&M Group Inter IKEA Group IKEA (Ingka Group) Klarna Lindex Spotify Swish Volvo Swedish Retail Companies Sweden has a lot of diverse companies within the retail sector. Discover more about them and many other companies here .

QATAR Area: 11,521 km² (comparable to the Swedish province of Skåne or Jamaica in size) Population: Approximately 3 million (2024), with about 10% being Qatari citizens Languages: Arabic is the official language; English is widely used as a lingua franca GDP: $227.5 billion USD 2023 (World Bank) Qatar stands out globally for its robust economic development, driven by substantial oil and natural gas reserves. The country boasts of a strategic geopolitical location, advanced infrastructure, and a high standard of living for its citizens. The country is known for its significant investments in education, healthcare and technology, along with major national champions like Al Jazeera and Qatar Airways. Qatar’s robust economy, progressive labor reforms in the MENA region, and its ambition to be a hub for international diplomacy, as well as for sports and cultural events combine to make it an attractive destination for businesses, investors, expatriates and visitors alike. In 2014, Qatar opened its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden, marking a significant step in strengthening diplomatic ties between the two nations. The diplomatic relationship between Qatar and Sweden is built on mutual cooperation in areas such as trade, energy, and sustainable development. Overview Learn more Overview Qatar is a small and affluent country on the Arabian Peninsula, known for its vast reserves of oil and natural gas. These resources have transformed Qatar into one of the world's richest countries in terms of GDP per capita. The discovery of oil in 1939 and the subsequent expansion of natural gas production in the 1990s have been pivotal in shaping Qatar's modern economy. Doha: A Diverse and Thriving Capital Doha, the capital city, is a bustling metropolis and the center of Qatar’s political, economic, and cultural life. With a population of around 3 million people, of which only 10% are Qatari citizens, the country relies heavily on expatriate workers from various parts of the world, contributing to its diverse linguistic and cultural landscape. The Qatari government has invested heavily in education, healthcare, tech and infrastructure. Initiatives like Qatar Foundation and Education City emphasise the country’s commitment to becoming a knowledge-based economy. Qatar University and other institutions attract international talent while fostering an environment of academic excellence and innovation. Economic Strength and Global Ambitions Qatar’s economy is robust and increasingly diversified, with major investments in infrastructure, real estate, and tourism. National entities such as Al Jazeera, Qatar Airways, and the hosting of the FIFA World Cup 2022 highlight the country’s ambition on the global stage. Al Jazeera, in particular, has become a significant media player, offering a Qatari perspective on international news. Nevertheless, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and oil remain the primary drivers of Qatar's economy, accounting for about 85% of the country’s total exports and around 50% of its GDP. Qatar is one of the world’s largest exporters of LNG, alongside Australia, the United States, and Russia, with its extensive natural gas reserves playing a critical role in the nation’s export revenues and fiscal stability. Natural Resources and Economic Resilience Both natural gas and oil reserves are managed by the state-owned company QatarEnergy, which oversees production in partnership with various international oil and gas companies. Together, these resources ensure Qatar’s economic resilience, funding its public investments and securing its position as one of the wealthiest countries globally. Qatar’s Role in Diplomacy and Vision for the Future Qatar’s strategic location and political stability make it a key player in regional and international diplomacy. It has mediated in various conflicts, including those in Lebanon, Sudan, Chad, Afghanistan and most recently, between Israel and Hamas. Qatar’s foreign policy is characterised by a balance of traditional regional alliances and increasing involvement in global issues. Qatar’s commitment to modernisation and development is evident. The government’s Vision 2030 aims to diversify the economy, reduce reliance on hydrocarbon revenues, and promote sustainable development. With ongoing investments in technology, innovation, and international partnerships, Qatar is poised for a future of continued growth and global influence. Photo: Government Offices Qatar's Business with Sweden Sweden's trade with Qatar reflects a focus on high-value industrial and technological goods. Swedish exports to Qatar are dominated by iron ore , telecommunications products, industrial equipment, and vehicles. Swedish iron ore is crucial for Qatar’s steel sector and thus its construction and infrastructure development. Similarly, gas turbines exported from Sweden play an essential role in Qatar’s energy sector, supporting power generation for both industrial and other needs. Other key Swedish exports to Qatar include machinery and equipment, pharmaceuticals, electrical power distribution equipment , and vehicles, particularly buses and cars . Additionally, Swedish wood products, steel, and chemicals are in growing demand. This blend of industrial materials, advanced machinery, and high-tech instruments has made Sweden a reliable trade partner, providing essential goods that support Qatar's continued infrastructure and technological advancements. Swedish imports from Qatar largely derive from the oil and gas sector, predominantly downstream products such as lubricants and other refined oil and gas products. Governmental and Regulatory Bodies Discover more about doing business in Qatar and explore opportunities for collaboration through a sample of sectors, organisations and resources Innovation, Research and Development Telecommunications and Connectivity Defence and Peace Diplomatic Missions Transport and Infrastucture Academia and Think Tanks Financial Insitutions and Investment Hubs Energy and Industry Healthcare and Life Science Business Chambers, Governmental and Regulatory Bodies: Invest Qatar: Facilitates foreign investments in Qatar, offering guidance and support to investors interested in the country’s economic opportunities. Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MOCI): Oversees trade, commerce, and industrial development, ensuring economic sustainability and competitiveness. Ministry of Defense (MOD): Protects Qatar’s sovereignty, manages defense strategies, and oversees military operations. Ministry of Education and Higher Education: Oversees Qatar’s educational policies, institutions, and higher education initiatives. Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs: Oversees religious endowments, mosques, and Islamic affairs. Ministry of Finance: Manages Qatar’s fiscal policies, state budget, and financial affairs. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Handles Qatar’s international relations, diplomacy, and foreign policy. Ministry of Interior : Ensures public safety, law enforcement, and the protection of national security. Ministry of Justice: Focuses on legal services, legislation, and ensuring justice in Qatar. Ministry of Labour: Regulates labor policies, employment standards, and worker rights in Qatar. Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME): Focuses on urban planning, environmental sustainability, and municipal services. Ministry of Public Health: Responsible for public health services, policies, and healthcare systems in Qatar. Ministry of Social Development and Family: Supports social welfare, family development, and community well-being. Ministry of Transport (MOT): Manages the development of Qatar’s transportation infrastructure and systems. Planning and Statistics Authority (PSA) : Responsible for national planning, statistical analysis, and socio-economic research to support Qatar’s development objectives. Qatar Chamber of Commerce and Industry: Represents and supports the private sector in Qatar, fostering business growth and trade development. Qatari Businessmen Association: A platform for Qatari businessmen to collaborate and enhance economic development initiatives. Qatari Businesswomen Association: Promotes the economic and professional development of Qatari women entrepreneurs and leaders. Qatar National Vision 2030: A strategic framework aimed at transforming Qatar into an advanced society capable of achieving sustainable development. Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy (SC): Manages infrastructure and legacy projects for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 and beyond. Qatar Free Zones: Manateq (Economic Zones Company) Qatar Financial Centre Qatar Free Zone Authority Qatar Science and Technology Park

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SWEDEN Photo: Henrik Trygg/imagebank,sweden.se Sweden is a thriving, innovative and globally connected society located in Northern Europe, blessed with a vast landscape of wilderness including forests, lakes and rivers, with mountain ranges in the north and a long sea coast with thousands of islands. It has the fifth largest surface area among European countries, approximately corresponding to the size of California, stretching 1574 kilometres from north to south. Geography and climate partly explain why a strong industry and infrastructure development has been vital to our prosperity – from steel making and forestry production to roads and railways to telecommunications and broadband, to vehicle and aircraft manufacturing to highly advanced life sciences. Our people and companies combine high-skilled production with care for both the environment and society at large. Policies enabling widespread access to technology and the internet have contributed to making Sweden the fast-moving, innovative nation it is today. Sweden’s economy and business environment is praised internationally: as the most innovative country in the EU, second most innovative country in the world and one of the best countries in Europe for business. Why Sweden? Sectors Key Facts Population : 10,673.669 (2024) Capital: Stockholm GDP per capita: 56,373.8 USD (2024) Rankings #1 In the infrastructure index #1 In the business sophistication index #1 Most innovative country in the EU, and 2nd most innovative economy globally #2 In the knowledge and technology outputs index #3 In the human capital and research index #4 Most trustworthy country in the world Did you know? …that since 1901, every year, the Nobel Prize is awarded out of Sweden to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. Prizes are awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, economic sciences and peace (the latter awarded jointly by Sweden and Norway). …that the dynamite, three-point seatbelt, zipper, and pacemaker are all Swedish Inventions (dynamite as early as in the 1860s). …that Sweden is second (after our neighbour Finland) in regard to achieving the UN sustainability (SDG) goals. …second only to Silicon Valley, Stockholm has the largest number of tech unicorns (multi-billion dollar tech companies) per capita in the world. …that less than 1% of all waste material in Sweden ends up in landfills.

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Why Sweden ? Education - nearly 25% of the Swedish population between 16 and 74 years had attained a post-secondary education of three years or more in 2022 Known for its innovation, social welfare system, and high quality of life Being the birthplace of the Nobel Prize Ranked 10th out of 190 economies for ease of doing business, according to the World Bank’s Doing Business report for 2021 © Nobel Media AB 2015. Photo: Pi Frisk Sweden stands out globally for its innovation, strong economy, and sustainability commitment. It has a rich industrial history, with sectors like manufacturing, technology, and healthcare driving its economic growth. The country is renowned for its quality education system and the Triple Helix model of collaboration among academia, industry, and government, enhancing its global competitiveness. Sweden's supportive environment for startups, combined with its skilled workforce and business-friendly policies, makes it an attractive destination for international investors. FAQ Sweden Sweden Why Sweden? Innovation, Sustainability and Industrial Excellence Sweden is a Nordic country known for its innovation, social welfare system, and high quality of life. With a population of around 10 million people, Sweden boasts a strong economy driven by sectors like manufacturing, technology and healthcare. Its strong commitment to sustainability sets it apart on the world stage. Sweden's industrial history is characterised by innovation and excellence across various sectors. It began with iron and steel production together with forestry and paper, followed by engineering and manufacturing, with companies like SKF and Volvo gaining global recognition. Sweden's technology sector, led by companies like Ericsson, has also been influential, along with advancements in renewable energy and life sciences through companies like AstraZeneca. Throughout history, Sweden's commitment to quality and sustainability has remained central to its success. Being the birthplace of the Nobel Prize, Sweden continues to be home to academic excellence and offers some of the world’s most renowned universities and research institutes. A Highly Educated and Internationally Oriented Society Since access to free education is a key priority , the Swedish population has become increasingly highly educated, and nearly 25% of the Swedish population between 16 and 74 years had attained a post-secondary education of three years or more in 2022. Sweden's higher education system is renowned for its quality, accessibility, and innovation . Emphasising research and sustainability, Swedish universities prioritise internationalisation , welcoming students and faculty from across the world. Sweden's education system emphasises critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving , nurturing a skilled workforce adept at innovation. In Sweden, the Triple Helix model —collaboration between academia, industry, and government—has been pivotal in driving innovation and economic growth. Swedish universities work closely with industries and receive support from government agencies like Vinnova. This collaboration fuels research, technology transfer, and commercialisation efforts, enhancing Sweden's competitiveness on the global stage. A Global Hub for Innovation, Startups and Investment With a world class R&D sector, Sweden has a booming startup and scaleup scene . Providing a great environment for companies to thrive and expand their businesses and brands, Sweden offers great opportunities to introduce new ideas into the global market, and this in turn has made Sweden consistently top-ranked among the innovative countries in the EU . Having access to EU and Nordic markets, with an advanced infrastructure, Sweden also boasts of an exceptional quality of life. The strong economy and stable government makes it an attractive location for foreign investments. There are no restrictions or disadvantages for foreign investors , the rules are clear for employment and redundancy of employees and the corporate tax framework is competitive. Sweden was ranked 10th out of 190 economies for ease of doing business, according to the World Bank’s Doing Business report for 2021. Innovation Sustainability Sectors